البرنامج التدریبي الأول من نوعھ على مستوى العالم العربي

<div><p> </p> <div class="page" title="Page 1"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-weight: 700;"><a href="https://training-system.misd.tech/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;">اضغط هنا رابط التسجيل</span></a><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 700;">البرنامج التدریبي الأول من نوعھ على مستوى العالم العربي</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #073763;">تقدم الأكادیمیة العلمیة للبحث والتدریب في بریطانیا </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;">ACADEMY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND</span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #073763;">TRAINING </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #073763;">بالتعاون مع المعھد المالیزي للعلوم والتنمیة </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #073763;">Malaysian Institute of Science and Development </span></span></p> <p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #073763;">برنامجھما المشترك الأول</span></span></div><span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS'; font-weight: 700;"><div style="font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">البرنامج التدریبي الأول من نوعھ على مستوى العالم العربي</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifP3_pkKTq2sQKp5P3Xp-V9XrtiZZao4ePNljvjAbPNEt7xDryTmrGzBjDVOljAYy19MjMtoS2s2q914EfaQf4UGqXjQQH1ej7VLq0QpBm_kWZY0LnQSQ2Ai5WFwawXUW-r78FKnG7ggbQ/s1280/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="902" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifP3_pkKTq2sQKp5P3Xp-V9XrtiZZao4ePNljvjAbPNEt7xDryTmrGzBjDVOljAYy19MjMtoS2s2q914EfaQf4UGqXjQQH1ej7VLq0QpBm_kWZY0LnQSQ2Ai5WFwawXUW-r78FKnG7ggbQ/w422-h640/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9+1.jpeg" width="422" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPspQCSeckrXMAMVR2WNNDYV-KVwT3DwAfvz2FREcJMnE2bhjAR2Nlwtn3jBAdTyQgPCWYfIHtA0yZHhnkOabNhTBtQQWim9_4VmbG-epfRIZufqG5GRlHWKCeX-7QQVP6BpRo0LPD94W/s2048/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1208" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPspQCSeckrXMAMVR2WNNDYV-KVwT3DwAfvz2FREcJMnE2bhjAR2Nlwtn3jBAdTyQgPCWYfIHtA0yZHhnkOabNhTBtQQWim9_4VmbG-epfRIZufqG5GRlHWKCeX-7QQVP6BpRo0LPD94W/w378-h640/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9+2.png" width="378" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://training-system.misd.tech/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ادخل هنا رابط التسجيل</span></a><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></div></span><p></p> </div> </div> </div></div>

London International Conference 2

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: blue;"><b>London International Conference <span style="font-size: large;">2</span></b></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: blue;"><b>Postponed to another time</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAq7VRpKQ6VU-d5UfoQ1hySDTphchl4gT29Ltxms0X48a-pTIW53Opend_PaGUmF4sDgLVIHwtH_HVVuE4BuZT_2i7WDJvG-cTWgiaVC2TTHySppnNTIUwnZyKxNl0daljY3_Y856XuN2k/s1600/Dr+Wisam+Advert_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1134" data-original-width="1600" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAq7VRpKQ6VU-d5UfoQ1hySDTphchl4gT29Ltxms0X48a-pTIW53Opend_PaGUmF4sDgLVIHwtH_HVVuE4BuZT_2i7WDJvG-cTWgiaVC2TTHySppnNTIUwnZyKxNl0daljY3_Y856XuN2k/s400/Dr+Wisam+Advert_001.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /></div> </div>

Basketball Speed Starts with Stopping

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Basketball Speed Starts with Stopping<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00f0secF0lAOl_DzrcygsLdIVypj18HLRE_lHopCQNR9dim4oo_bfTT_zso_0erLT6_S1WDI-UOqf4BmfK3Juj5P6GEUi0v8MayBmZarXm0qDs32S0qiyiE3jl8wzW7QwlRcv0_mdTdfo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.15.17.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="169" data-original-width="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg00f0secF0lAOl_DzrcygsLdIVypj18HLRE_lHopCQNR9dim4oo_bfTT_zso_0erLT6_S1WDI-UOqf4BmfK3Juj5P6GEUi0v8MayBmZarXm0qDs32S0qiyiE3jl8wzW7QwlRcv0_mdTdfo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.15.17.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Isn't it just so obvious when you see a player that just blows by a defender that there is no mistaking speed and quickness? But, the focus may be on the wrong end of speed. Now, don't get me wrong. First step speed and acceleration is king in the sport of basketball. The issue is; basketball isn't just a linear sport by any means. There are stops and starts, lateral and angular cuts and deceleration, basketball require players to have great multi-directional speed.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Some of the fastest players are not the quickest. Let me explain what I mean. There are some players that can accelerate to near top end speeds in only half the courts distance, yet when they need to change direction they are slow. Why is this the</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> case? The issue with this type of basketball player is the fact they have poor body control and techniques when it comes to deceleration. You see, they can't control all that momentum they built up going in one direction and stop it, and re-direct it into a new direction.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Let's cover some reasons why deceleration is used in the sport of basketball:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Deceleration can be in the form of stopping, slowing down, or cutting. Stopping and slowing down are the actual intended act of decelerating purposely. Cutting may or may not be a purposeful act of slowing down. It just may be the fact that the cut was at a sharp enough angle it requires the athlete's momentum to be slowed down some what, even though the hoop player is trying cut aggressively.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Deceleration is either a tactic or a reaction to a tactic. What this means is that if the offensive player wants to make the defender think he is stopping so he can get the defender to slow down and maybe let his guard down, and then blow by him with a quick first step acceleration. Now on the other side of the ball, the defender must decelerate as a reaction to the offensive players move. So you see deceleration isn't always planned.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Obviously there are many reasons why an offensive and defense player will decelerate. The keys to doing it well are to eliminate any unwanted actions that may lengthen the deceleration more than needed or wanted, and use the deceleration in conjunction with the skills of the game of basketball. If you can't maintain your dribble while cutting (change of direction dribble), or faking the deceleration does you no good. From a defensive perspective- if decelerating is a weak point in your movement skill, playing good hard defense will be a chore!</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There are actually so many elements that get involved when breaking down deceleration that are way past the scope of this article such as; the speed going into the deceleration move, the angle at which the deceleration is being made and so on. But there are a few important biomechanical technique points I would like to cover:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> The position of the body in regards to alignment is important. Now keep in mind that most athletes will naturally just react and perform the deceleration skill correctly, the problem comes in when there are athletes that don't do it correctly and subject themselves to potential injuries. Even the athletes that do decelerate quickly may be doing it incorrectly, but it is a natural motor program for them due to hundreds and thousands of repeated repetition in that pattern. These are the athletes that are difficult to break old habits with.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> I am going to start with the lower leg on deceleration. I will use the lateral shuffle or defensive slide for example. In order for the defender to be able to decelerate and stop quickly moving to his right the following things must occur.</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> a. The right leg must be quickly positioned wide enough to stop the momentum of the body, yet not so wide that the player slips. Conversely, if the right foot is positioned to close under the hips the momentum and the weight of the upper body will cause the player to stumble or take several stutter steps to stop.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> b. Next, the right foot should be pointed straight ahead if not a tiny bit turned in. The ankle must also be dorsi-flexed (cocked ankle) for 2 reasons. The first is because it will close down the ankle joint and take the play out of it. This is important in reducing the rolled or sprained ankle. Secondly, the dorsi-flexed ankle creates a stretch reflex action within the muscle and tendon complex which allows for a more powerful push off if needed. The weight of the athlete should be on the balls of the feet but the heels should not be elevated for the reasons mentioned above. Keeping the foot pointed straight ahead is a more athletic position to move in any direction.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> c. Moving up the body. The knees need to be inside the width of the plant foot. This allows the force of the momentum to travel straight down the leg, into the foot, and into the ground on the exact angle needed to stop the body. Many people feel the foot should be over the toes when decelerating laterally; this is completely dangerous and non-conducive to greater performance. The knee lined up over the toe vertically when trying to stop horizontal forces is going to potentially cause the ankle to roll, the knee to push out laterally, and the hip to take on more forces than it should. The knee should also be pushed slightly forward helping to create the dorsi-flexed position of the ankle joint.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> d. To the hips we go! When decelerating laterally one the things that can cause loss of balance and slowness to recover if re-acceleration is needed, is the extreme lowering of the hips. The hips need to maintain a level height through out the movement. If they dip too much the athlete is put in a position that will require even more strength to be used just to maintain that stance. Don't over emphasis bending the knees to an extreme. Allow the athletes to be comfortable in their stance and correct the fundamental mistakes that are slowing the movement.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> e. Finally, the upper body. The shoulders can be stinkers if you are not careful. There is a term that I use and it is called "Swaying". The shoulders, not unlike trees, can have a tendency to sway to the sides, forwards, backwards, or even rotate. When this occurs during deceleration, namely stopping lateral movement, it can drastically reduce the efficiency of the skill. Especially because in most cases stopping lateral movement is simply to re-accelerate with a change of direction in the opposite direction. If the player is trying to stop a defensive shuffle to the right and quickly go to the left to stay with the ball handler, and his shoulders are still moving to the right, the quickness of the direction change will be hindered quite a bit. In order for this to not be a factor the athlete must consciously attempt to be strong with the core region, abdominal and low back, to control movement.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Now, this should not be what they are thinking about when trying to stop, but during strength training this region may need to be a major focus. The body usually follows the head, so it is important for the head to stay still and eyes focused on target. If the head is bobbing and leaning to the side while attempting to stop or change direction it will negatively affect the movement skill.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Hopefully you can begin to see how much is involved with decelerating. Like I mentioned earlier; this should happen naturally for most basketball players but many will still need some coaching to make the movement more efficient and safer.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> What is really important to remember is that deceleration, in my opinion, is usually the first step in accelerating in most court and field sports. This means that the athlete needs to know that stopping isn't the major focus- change of direction is. If the body (feet, legs, hips…) are positioned correctly during the deceleration or stopping action the re-acceleration process is a continuation of that move. The athlete should be able to start the acceleration out of the same stance used to stop or decelerate. If this is not the case the athlete is going to always be slower in acceleration and in sport.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> I certainly hope this help to open some eyes as to the importance of deceleration and its impact on court speed and the basketball player! Please contact me at lee@leetaft.com if you have any questions.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Train Smart,</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Lee Taft www.leetaft.com</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> http://athletesacceleration.com/basketball-speed-starts-stopping/</div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

Football Speed – 7 Tips to a Faster 40 (Part 2)

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Football Speed – 7 Tips to a Faster 40 (Part 2)<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLn-HIGeZN6bI-vfwDURP_S5anjRRaKgDJ4cYkkF8Nl7mwwOn4POzbjTonhXJoFwQXk9o57rgBsx45SjRDH70HsYYn9_8sXCbvex2yN3uqx0ySkOKI7fjyBPha4JbFAaruQMLhpdr5W9z4/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+22.59.47.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="113" data-original-width="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLn-HIGeZN6bI-vfwDURP_S5anjRRaKgDJ4cYkkF8Nl7mwwOn4POzbjTonhXJoFwQXk9o57rgBsx45SjRDH70HsYYn9_8sXCbvex2yN3uqx0ySkOKI7fjyBPha4JbFAaruQMLhpdr5W9z4/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+22.59.47.png" /></a></div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /> <div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In Part I the focus was entirely on the start. Getting in best position possible to start will set up your entire 40 yard run. Now, let's get you that blazing speed you have looking for during the actual run of the 40.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Part II</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 1 – Drive Phase – Don’t force yourself to ‘stay low’</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The drive phase happens right after you react to the starting gun. Your initial 8 -10 steps is considered your drive phase. The biggest problem seen with athletes in the drive phase is that they know that staying low will create better exit angles set-up the ideal acceleration phase. The problem is that athletes are 'trying' to stay low.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> When athletes try and stay low they normally hold themselves down by breaking at the hips. This will limit the amount of force you can apply to the ground and leads to poor acceleration. Let your upper body unfold naturally. You want to keep a straight line from your back ankle all the way to your head. ‘Staying low’ will occur naturally if you are already strong enough.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Other cues:</div> <ul class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Drive out so the body is at a 45 degree angle to the ground.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Keep the heel recovery low during the first 6-8 strides.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Step over the opposite knee and drive the foot down into the ground to create maximal force.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 2 – Acceleration Phase</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Since the acceleration phase (0-30 yards) is associated with a higher stride frequency then at maximum speed, athletes are concerning themselves too much trying to be quick with their legs. So, instead of trying to drive out and be powerful, athletes are 'spinning their wheels'.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Make sure when you are running the 40 that you getting triple extension (ankle, knee, hip) and that you 'feel your feet behind you'. If you are getting the sensation of your feet driving well behind your center of mass, then you know you are finishing off your leg drive to be as powerful as possible. If you try to be to quick with your legs, you will not be using your full strength to drive out and although you might feel a little faster because your legs are moving quicker, you will actually have a slower time and not set yourself up to be in the best possible position.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 3 – Relaxation</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> One of the hardest things about running is trying to stay relaxed while you run. Most athletes first think that in order to run fast that they have to run hard. They associate running hard with trying to create as much tension as possible. You can tell easily if an athlete is too tense, just by looking at their facial expression.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> If you see an athlete with a tight face, their eyes will be squinting, teeth are mashed, and you know that they are trying too hard and are forcing themselves to be slow down. If you see an athlete with their cheeks flopping up and down as they run, you know that they have mastered the relaxation technique and are getting the most out their sprinting.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> I remember sprint coach guru Charlie Francis saying that you must 'let the speed come'. You have to let your muscles work for you and not against to maximize your speed potential. This is a tough concept to learn and MUST be practiced if you want get the most out of our speed.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Other things to look for if you are running tight are clenched fists, elevated shoulders and a shortened stride.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 4 – Arm Action</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Arms should remain at approximately 90 degrees from the elbow. The angle will close at the top and open at the back (60-140 degrees) but the average is about 90 degrees. Make sure that you are not locking your arms 90 degrees, this will cause tightness and decrease your range of motion.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> • Palms and fingers are relaxed and facing in<br /> • Drive the elbows down and back to generate elastic response<br /> • Range of motion – hip to ear</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Also, make sure that the arms are not crossing the midline of your body. The arms are counteracting the force created by the legs. So, if you arms are going side to side you know that your hips will be turning because your legs are driving side to side. You want to be traveling in a linear direction with as little deviation as possible.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 5 – Hands: Open vs. Closed</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Cueing the hands can be a touchy subject. Some coaches believe that having your hands open is the best way while others like a closed hand for their athletes to use while running.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> First, I would look at the athlete. If they look as if their shoulders/arms are staying relaxed and aren’t crossing the midline then you shouldn't cue this athlete too much with hand technique. There are so many other cues and techniques to work on then to worry about their hands if they don’t seem to be causing a problem.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> If your athlete is not staying relaxed in their arms and shoulders then I would address then hands. Usually if the hands are wide open with the fingers and palms are straight, the forearm tends to be flexed. This causes tension of the arm and the upper arm and shoulders, and as you know, this can affect the elasticity of your muscles causing you to fight yourself as you move. The same thing can happen when you make a fist and try to run. Holding your hands clenched causes your forearms to be tight and you will run into the same problem as the 'open' hand.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> I teach in between both of these. You want your hands to stay relaxed. I'm sure you have heard this saying before to ' pretend you are holding a potato chip in your hand and you don't want to break it'. You can actually feel your fingers almost bouncing up and down as your run. This is the type of relaxation that should carry to the rest of your arm up to your shoulder. Keep the hands loose, but not open.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Another thing to note is that looking at the top receivers and defensive backs, they never run with closed hands because they want their hands to be as soft as possible to catch a ball. If their hands are closed, their arms will be tight and it will take more time to open them and create the soft hands that they are looking for.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 6 – Stride Length</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> We touched a little on stride frequency, now let's get into stride length. Your optimal stride length should be about 2.5-2.7 times your leg length (measured from the crest of your greater trochanter to the floor).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> While optimal stride length is important, I would stay away form certain exercises to try to increase it. Excessive downhill and over speed running can actually cause problems with your running technique. If the slope going downhill is too much and if you are being pulled fast during over speed work, your legs starts to create a braking action. This is where your foot plantar flexes (toes pointed down) in front of your center of mass to try and stop that speed. So, you are fighting yourself and stopping any speed you are trying to create. This can not only cause damage to your hamstrings but can also create neuromuscular integration problems.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Flexibility (dynamic ranges of motion and static stretching) and strength & power training (which also helps joint stabilization) are the best ways to reach your optimal stride length level.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Tip 7 – Other Sprinting Tips/Cues</div> <ul class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Hips tall</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Foot strikes on forefoot- and under the center of mass</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Ankle steps over the knee</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Shoulders down and relaxed</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Face and neck relaxed</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Tight stomach, flat back, hips forward</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> The foot hits the ground a short distance in front of the center of mass, the farther away the foot strikes away from the COM, the higher the braking force.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> toe up – reduces hamstring fatigue by using the gastroc as a knee flexor</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> heel up</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> knee up</div> </li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> http://athletesacceleration.com/football-speed-7-tips-faster-40-part-2/</div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

Modern football training methods

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Modern football training methods<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzVDhEZIfEK-ndPf4i-_5usnV78JTs39NrnyuWYymSFjWlvhfomIslR-6BbwOKnDwNHifAP6JwCej6OTehwNJpA24p4UBUJM94GkZe7UK1VZ3yk_nLSaMyPyUkT3rp2kUsljvfPwYMPTF/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.17.52.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="173" data-original-width="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzVDhEZIfEK-ndPf4i-_5usnV78JTs39NrnyuWYymSFjWlvhfomIslR-6BbwOKnDwNHifAP6JwCej6OTehwNJpA24p4UBUJM94GkZe7UK1VZ3yk_nLSaMyPyUkT3rp2kUsljvfPwYMPTF/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.17.52.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Practice attack of the foot indeed practice attack of the foot he is practiced sport attack of the foot, with instructional observance of program complete corrodes me on the essential practices and advanced, and the interaction straightens on evident trained and the trained in regime is positive planned, and knock of the practice considers the executive methods for the one instructional for investigation the requested purpose in raising of level the athletic accomplishment, just as this knock and the ways varied, and on the trainer that knowledge is on in her and in the variables which depends on her for her use in form the practice fits. Practice attack of the foot Haditha forged practice bylwmtry or the clash aims to muscular development the power and explosive for player of attack the foot, and improvement of the relationship between the far forces and the explosive strength, and idea of performance on confrontation of the muscle straightens her for resistant externality identicals of baggage or bodyweight anti-gravity ground after lengths of expansion for the muscle, and the muscle in method does lengthening performs to her then central occurrence of contraction fast, and to the contraction raved three stages passes in her decentralized contraction muscular in the elongation starts in, then increases gradual corroded the resistance be equal with, then the contraction in the shortening converts for central. Observance of several guidances is complete the stubborn performance the weak rising in the heating and for a period enough before the beginning in the practice and the appeasement after the termination through the use of movements the roll and the running, the rising in the practice forcefully high very, the graduation in the load and that in the control in the rises which jumps from above her the player, the rising in movement the pushing in taking out become remote strength in short time, the rising from eight to ten times from the repetitions with taking comfort of period accurate to minutes between the repetitions and the comfort between Al-Ayy am from days to three in the week, pagan bodyweight twice before the commencement baalwthb deep, and measurement disposition of the persons and ideal specification the quantity for their practice. The different practice and practices aalhybwksk the different practice: He way aims to the arrival to degree from efficiency become remote the player, and that in change appointments of the practice, and the persons who trains with them, and environment of the practice, and nature of the practices. Practices aalhybwksk: He decreased the oxygen the stubborn rising in effort bodily continuous, and execution in reduction of number is complete his times the breathing important guidances reconciled his identicals of execution with practices of the speed and the endurance and the grace far about tmrynaat the forces, and cautious tough and her lack of performance for tall periods or three or four doses consecutive with the observation permanent during the performance; Occurrence of some harms as the blindness avoided for, and the graduation in increase the load. The circular practice and the compressive practice the circular practice: He regulatory method straightens on essential knock the practice continuous, and periodic, and repetitive, and is complete neatly the practices in form is circular according to of purposes and goals of the one practice, starts her the first player in the exercise thmm second and this way corroded ends. The compressive practice: Accurate half performs the player the skill in time and according to power of the player changes and in far speed and forces, and specification pull of the load for player about road is complete trained.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

physiotherapy in the healing of sports Injuries

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> physiotherapy in the healing of sports Injuries<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiueY4JN0VZxz-zdKN57tfyqu4_I_mIO44MxPE-BqDXmeTeagGX-A0bJEpyKyoip7l_ySjOjuwYyKQ_64VG_hO0naFb8CmSjeLiCWMwaAkZtl0KWV2RLZmT2ZvDaTHfYKNT7BrVD55hpshC/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.15.04.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="129" data-original-width="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiueY4JN0VZxz-zdKN57tfyqu4_I_mIO44MxPE-BqDXmeTeagGX-A0bJEpyKyoip7l_ySjOjuwYyKQ_64VG_hO0naFb8CmSjeLiCWMwaAkZtl0KWV2RLZmT2ZvDaTHfYKNT7BrVD55hpshC/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.15.04.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> hysical therapy has multi-purpose roles in the treatment of injuries in the stadiums include prevention of complications and treatment of injuries and also increase the player's capabilities and mobility of the engine and its role in prevention include prevention of many manifestations and symptoms, for example:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - Prevent muscle weakness and atrophy.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - Prevent distortion.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - Prevent joints spasm.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - Prevention and restriction of soft tissue adhesions.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - Prevent many complications that may accompany the injury.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> When injury occurs in one part of the player's body, physiotherapy in different ways plays an important and decisive role in maintaining the fitness of the rest of the body and vital organs and preventing complications in the case of a constant presence of a mattress for a long time.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In addition to the above natural physiotherapy role in accelerating the recovery of injury and the player quickly return to exercise, which has a medical return in the absence of the player for his technical skills. In the treatment stage of injuries in stadiums, physiotherapy means:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 1. Remove pain / using heat, cold, hydrotherapy and electrical applications</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Muscle relaxation and flexibility exercises.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2 - Increase flexibility of hardness joints / using negative exercises and positive movement</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Stretching exercises and physiotherapy equipment.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 3 - reduce the presence of joints abnormal movement / strengthen the muscles working on the joint</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Injury and accelerate the healing of infected ligaments.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 4 - Treatment of weakness and weakness of muscles / application of gradual therapeutic exercises and use</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Electric appliances and cars aids in it.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 5 - treatment of distortions / application of appropriate therapeutic exercises and the use of electrical devices to promote</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Weak muscles, short muscles, elasticity and elasticity.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 6 - Correct the wrong walking method / application of walking steps and then teach the basics of walking</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Use the necessary hardware.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The role of physiotherapy in increasing the abilities of the player uses appropriate and modern physiotherapy techniques to re-teach the player to perform muscular effort, thus facilitating communication of the muscular nervous system, which increases the efficiency of control of the nervous system in the work of fine muscles.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The role of physiotherapy in sports has become increasingly important after researchers in this area have confirmed the decisive influence of means in diapers on the safety of the player and the prevention or recurrence of the injury as well as its impact on the rapid recovery of injuries from different stadiums.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The use of multiple applications of physical therapy means to increase the vitality of infected tissues and use their potential to accelerate recovery.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Other physical treatments for non-athletes include:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy from stroke.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2. Treatment and rehabilitation of poliomyelitis.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 3 - Treatment of glaucoma slip.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 4 - treatment of sciatic nerve (sciatica).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 5 - treatment and rehabilitation of jerky injured in the seventh nerve (anal).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 6. Treatment of joint stiffness.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 7. Special treatments after surgical intervention</div> </div> </div>

Speed Development for the Horizontal Jumper

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4wp8Wy4QNi-XjEpS9nNtn2E2CbPo2si-lHmSYfcnnI4dy9-Z_QfWf54E1fpFp6on8yJA08qQLYT1UQHIEdBobdbYiV620drcb1Om5hnAbP2F1p12HdRcMH-hZfTDatZePRN2cMU_p_wf/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+22.52.22.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4wp8Wy4QNi-XjEpS9nNtn2E2CbPo2si-lHmSYfcnnI4dy9-Z_QfWf54E1fpFp6on8yJA08qQLYT1UQHIEdBobdbYiV620drcb1Om5hnAbP2F1p12HdRcMH-hZfTDatZePRN2cMU_p_wf/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+22.52.22.png" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Development for the Horizontal Jumper</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Development of speed for the horizontal jumper is possibly the most important and most difficult task for<br /> the coach. In one sense, the development of speed is an extremely simple process. When simple guidelines are followed with patience, the program is typically successful. But, at the same time, it is an extremely complex process when we examine the number of variables involved and the intricate biomotor relationships that are prerequisite to success.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Balancing Biomotor Development</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Typically, when we think of a speed development program, we think of a series of training sessions that employ run training to achieve the desired objectives. The majority of this article will be devoted to discussion of planning these sessions. However, regardless of how well designed these may be, they will not be successful of these other abilities are not being trained and developed in a commensurate manner. Flexibility, mobility, strength, power, elasticity, and many other qualities have a direct bearing on an athlete’s speed capabilities, and a speed development program that operates without a program designed to develop these other qualities is doomed to failure.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Training and Run Training</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The speed development program should not be confused with the run training program. There are many run<br /> training activities that may be appropriate in the jumps training program that are not part of the speed<br /> development program. For the purposes of this article, we consider the speed development program to consist only of run training of various distances that is performed at maximal or near maximal intensities, in accordance with the general principles of speed development listed below. While other run training may be done to develop energy systems, for contrast training, or simply to prepare for a metabolic need associated with high level speed training, we do not consider this training as part of the speed training program. At the same time, there are many non-run training activities that could be considered part of the speed training program, but for the sake of space we will confine our discussion to the run training methods.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Constant Contact with Speed</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The jumps place a premium on speed development, and for this reason the jumper should constantly experience speed related activities in the training program. Speed must be included at all times in some manner that is safe and appropriate for that point in the training year. In addition, non-run training portions of the training program must employ activities that feature high speeds of movement as well.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> General Principles of Speed Development</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed development becomes a simple matter when basic premises of speed development training are observed.<br /> First of all, the training of speed requires efforts of run training at or very near maximal intensities. Secondly, the training volumes and repetition distances attempted in speed training should be confined to that which can be performed at near maximal intensities. Attempting higher volumes or longer runs that result in a decrease in quality near the end of the session are detrimental. Finally, the recovery opportunity between these efforts must be long enough to insure high quality on succeeding efforts. No significant decrease in power output should be detectable over the course of a repetition, set, or session. A significant portion of the training program should be devoted to this high qualityreduced<br /> volume-long recovery format. While energy system fitness needs must be addressed somehow in the jumps training program, the speed development program is not the time or place.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Related Abilities</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There are three primary abilities we must train in the speed development program. These are acceleration,<br /> absolute speed, and speed development. Each of these must recognized as a unique quality, to be trained<br /> separately at times and in combinations with others at other times. Discussion of each of these follows.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Acceleration is defined as the ability to move the body from rest. Typical humans require approximately 40<br /> meters to accelerate to maximal velocity, so the 40 meter mark is generally considered to be the maximal distance employed in acceleration work.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Absolute Speed is defined as maximal velocity attainable. This quality should not be confused with acceleration. Absolute speed training activities involve attaining and maintaining maximal velocities for very short (less than three seconds) periods of time.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Endurance is defined as the ability to maintain absolute speed. Once the body reaches its maximal velocity, deceleration inevitably occurs within a few seconds. Speed endurance refers to the ability to resist this erosion of absolute speed capabilities. This deceleration is not associated with poor energy system fitness, but results from loss of coordination at high speeds. Therefore, speed endurance should be considered as a specific type of coordination training. Speed endurance training activities involve attempting to maintain maximal velocities for more extended periods of time.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Phases and Phase Distribution</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There are three phases of the speed development program. These are (in chronological order) the Acceleration Development Phase, the Speed Development Phase, and the Speed Endurance Phase. The first two phases comprise the preseason training period, while the third may begin during the preseason training period, but often extends into the initial part of the competitive season.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Time should be equally divided between the three, and two months in each phase is ideal. However, if time does<br /> not permit, one month of each can produce great gains. If the length of the season does not permit even this, it is then best to spend at least one month in the earlier phases, ignoring the later one. When dealing with multisport athletes, it is possible at times to skip the Acceleration Development Phase if the previous sport is one that requires repeated acceleration (such as basketball, soccer, etc).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Acceleration Development Phase</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The objective of this phase is to (1) develop an athlete’s acceleration capabilities, (2) prepare and stimulate the<br /> neuromuscular system for more advanced, succeeding speed training, and (3) to provide a speed stimulus in the training program early in the training year when other forms of speed training might be deemed unsafe. This phase basically employs three sessions per week, as detailed below. These sessions are typically spaced out somewhat and organized according to the demands of the remainder of the week’s training activities.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 1: Acceleration Development Sprints. This session employs typically 10-15 runs totaling 240-300 meters, comprised of distance ranging from 10-40 meters. These runs are done at maximal effort. Recoveries between runs need not be complete, but should be long enough to insure quality of work.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 2: Speed Skill. This session is comprised of lower intensity activities that enable the athlete to execute the mechanics of maximal velocity sprinting. This gives the athlete repetitions in executing these mechanics and the coach a chance to teach maximal velocity technical concepts in a safe manner. This session can consist of sprint development drills, submaximal buildups, or stadium rums (provided the stadium’s construction permits an upright body posture and vertical pushoffs from each step).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 3: Resisted Runs. This session employs acceleration development sprints, with the use of some type of resistance device (sled, hills, etc). These runs should range from 30-50 meters in length, and should be done at maximal effort. Recoveries between runs need not be complete, but should be long enough to insure quality of work.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Development Phase</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The objective of this phase is to develop an athlete’s absolute speed capabilities. This phase basically employs three sessions per week, as detailed below. These sessions are typically spaced out somewhat and organized according to the demands of the remainder of the week’s training activities.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 1: Acceleration Development Sprints. These are done in a similar fashion as in the previous phase. This session employs typically 9-12 runs totaling 240- 300 meters, comprised of distance ranging from 20-40 meters. They may be done from blocks. This session serves as a review of acceleration qualities, and provides added neuromuscular stimulation in a safer format between the sessions discussed below.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 2: Runway Rehearsal. This session is comprised of actual rehearsal of the meet-length horizontal jump approach. Typically 6-10 repetitions are done. In addition to the obvious necessity of jumps technical practice, these are also done as a technical run session and touch lightly on the development of absolute speed.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 3: Speed Development. This session employs sprint-float-sprint efforts to accomplish true absolute speed development. A sprint-float-sprint is a run that features an aggressive acceleration to maximal velocity, then maintenance of maximal velocity for 0.5-1 second. The runner then performs a relaxed sprint of 20-30 meters at slightly less intensity, and concludes the effort with another maximal velocity phase of 2-3 seconds. Distances should be chosen and the efforts constructed to provide the two maximal velocity segments that correspond with the given timeframes. Typically the first sprint segments ends at the 45-50 meter mark, and the second sprint segment is 20-30 meters in length. When used in this phase, typical sprint-float-sprint sessions use 4-5 runs over a course of 90-100 meters. Recoveries between runs should be complete and long enough to insure quality of work.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Speed Endurance Phase</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The objective of this phase is to develop speed endurance qualities, specific coordination, and the freedom of movement needed to take off in the horizontal jumps at high velocities. Speed Endurance training is used to attain these goals, while other qualities are being maintained using other methods.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 1: Acceleration Development Sprints. These are done in a similar fashion as in the previous phases, and for the same reasons. This session employs typically 8-12 runs totaling 200-250 meters, comprised of distance ranging from 20-40 meters.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 2: Runway Rehearsal. This session is done in a similar fashion and for the same reasons as in the previous phase. Typically 5-8 repetitions are done.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Session 3: Speed Endurance. This session employs high intensity run training in the 80-150 meter range to develop speed endurance capabilities. A typical session would include 3-6 runs with complete and extensive (5-8 minute) recoveries. Sprint-Float-Sprint constructs can be used for longer (120-150 meters) speed endurance efforts.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> When the competitive season begins, it is difficult to accomplish these three sessions without creating overtraining situations. A good practice at this time is to combine sessions 2 and 3 into one session, with reduced volumes of each type of work. A typical session would involve 4-5 approach runs, followed by 2-3 speed endurance efforts.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Individualization of Training</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Individualization of training is not a convenience, but a necessity, and the above training structure can only be considered a general guide. Adjustments must be made in accordance to the athlete’s training age and ability level. These changes may take the form of adjustments in distances, volumes, recovery times, and densities. In addition, other components of the complete training program will have an effect on the success of the speed development program, so adjustments may need to be done according to the demands being placed on the athlete in those regards.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> About the Author:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Irving 'Boo' Schexnayder is one of the nation's premier field event coaches. Boo serves as Chair of the Jumps program of<br /> USA Track and Field Coaching Education, and is the former national chair of USA Track and Field's Coaching Education<br /> Committee and Biomechanics Subcommittee. He has Coached 10 different athletes to 19 individual NCAA titles during his tenure at Louisiana State University. In 2004, his jumpers combined to win three individual NCAA titles and earn 12 All- America honors. He is responsible for at least one National Champion in seven of his 11 seasons at LSU, while he has also developed 57 All-American athletes during that time.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Boo also coached Suzette Lee as she shattered the NCAA record in the triple jump and captured outdoor national titles in both 1996 and 1997. Lee also won the NCAA Indoor triple jump title in 1997. He guided the efforts of United States and World Triple Jump champion, Walter Davis, in 2005 and 2006 as well as John Moffitt, who swept the NCAA Indoor and Outdoor long jump titles before winning a silver medal in the event for Team USA at the 2004 Olympic Games.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> To learn more about Boo and the LSU track & field team go to: www.lsusports.net</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> http://athletesacceleration.com/speed-development-horizontal-jumper/</div> </div> </div>

Preventive methods of sports intolerance

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Preventive methods of sports intolerance<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpJHdCRtqtg_vHYDJUXoT6Cce7E3L-wS6EElTuAw5L48LzrQHb_ZrmzpzPqUa5TsLnNszBB1htKleypBRa_UXACG73eWpsPXMjtdB3TYaLeHEn-d-HBSJnm0IbYGBHnYMN-2dGf9TpnFP/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.20.35.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpJHdCRtqtg_vHYDJUXoT6Cce7E3L-wS6EElTuAw5L48LzrQHb_ZrmzpzPqUa5TsLnNszBB1htKleypBRa_UXACG73eWpsPXMjtdB3TYaLeHEn-d-HBSJnm0IbYGBHnYMN-2dGf9TpnFP/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.20.35.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;">  The important role of preventive methods in order to limit the spread of any phenomenon that threatens the social structure, both at the level of the individual and the groups. Therefore, the competent authorities seek to find appropriate mechanisms for the use of preventive methods in order to raise awareness of the dangers of any phenomenon. The need to take into account the problems facing the sports masses, and when given the aspects of prevention is important; it contributes to the activation of preventive education methods that identify the dangers resulting fro</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ‏Hooliganism. From this point of view, many aspects that have an increasing role can be mentioned</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ‏Side of prevention in order not to spread this problem</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ‏Media: Media plays a large and influential role in tackling sports intolerance and reducing tropics. The competing sporting masses are: • To spread awareness among the public about the danger that sports intolerance can cause</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ‏To the individual and the community • Encourage positive models by meeting them through the media;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ‏Whether club presidents, administrators, or players, especially among the public clubs, and show the spirit of rapprochement between them off the field.</div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

Straight Stability System and aeLASTIC Method® improvement of sport technique and getting easier the riabilitation.

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Straight Stability System and aeLASTIC Method® improvement of sport<br /> technique and getting easier the riabilitation.<br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CPPwm3KAClGNM1GEV63lBEKsE5tUALlwnytn0o_0qBrTkpmc8472s50XVHeVd4mFTwfKhJ6Pg8c_HRnmEQTe_plL5vVKyCH6H5_1N5BmmLXdrV9nNJ1NeDOLA5VvvU2od0rvPKO63Ufr/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.24.50.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="116" data-original-width="100" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CPPwm3KAClGNM1GEV63lBEKsE5tUALlwnytn0o_0qBrTkpmc8472s50XVHeVd4mFTwfKhJ6Pg8c_HRnmEQTe_plL5vVKyCH6H5_1N5BmmLXdrV9nNJ1NeDOLA5VvvU2od0rvPKO63Ufr/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.24.50.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjErbG1AonLNgy6cWDhr3r4788vm1SnelHWfJtqTHlZBlQdqju60OOHIn5LT6vTtDwr6wCA91HL21T-ZF5AUpx-_m8QgI-I8O5KdJumYrzSizZRCAhNoshL7FZa98YFczdRlR2aVctgwVU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.23.28.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="530" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjErbG1AonLNgy6cWDhr3r4788vm1SnelHWfJtqTHlZBlQdqju60OOHIn5LT6vTtDwr6wCA91HL21T-ZF5AUpx-_m8QgI-I8O5KdJumYrzSizZRCAhNoshL7FZa98YFczdRlR2aVctgwVU/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.23.28.png" width="548" /></a></div> <br /></div> </div>

‘’Doctor, I got injured, is it the fault of full moon?’’

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> ‘’Doctor, I got injured, is it the fault of full moon?’’<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrgJXWRI-AN6S55pyo-J8JDruJ7vKXpPo8E6FMepCwR_oexk-_Bzn95IndqsFZo1cc2d8QeaoTKEhrVua6WmQdWvazERrc6D7ZGEYkuahQjAc8rVcsZerCg3Jf9dtnZN-slBAZweQXwX-/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.26.39.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrgJXWRI-AN6S55pyo-J8JDruJ7vKXpPo8E6FMepCwR_oexk-_Bzn95IndqsFZo1cc2d8QeaoTKEhrVua6WmQdWvazERrc6D7ZGEYkuahQjAc8rVcsZerCg3Jf9dtnZN-slBAZweQXwX-/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.26.39.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> According to folklore, full moons are traditionally associated with insomnia, insanity (hence the terms lunacy and lunatic) and various magical phenomena such as lycanthropy. However, although there are numerous references in the literature to humans shapeshifting into wolves dating back 2 millennia, recent scientific literature reported that the moon cycle does actually impact several psychological and physiological variables in humans. For instance, full moon has been related to reduced sleep quality and an increase in the aggressive behaviour of humans.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Playing football (soccer) is by many regarded as a modern expression of ‘lunacy’, as regularly expressed through the behaviour of fans, players, and managers alike. An equally consistent consequence of playing football is injuries which have been shown to be impacted by poor sleep and/or aggressive playing style. But is there any impact of Lunar myth on football players’ injuries?</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "Stellar cases of sports injuries serve to highlight the current research question. For instance, the Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic suffered an adductor injury on the 12th September 2011, which corresponded to a perfect full moon night. However, when, he severely injured his right knee on the 20th April 2017, marking his career end, moon illumination was of only 43%. On the 12th August 2017, Usain Bolt, the world’s premier sprinter, suffered a hamstring injury on the way into his career-final appearance, while the moon was at 82% illumination" Said Dr Narimen Yousfi from the Tunisian National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport. So, this question of potential link between moon and sport injury deserves more attention.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> To establish if lunar phases somehow do affect injuries in soccer players, an international group of researchers studied the effects of circa-lunar periodicity on the risk of football injuries.  The results were published in Chronobiology international journal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The study team monitored injuries and player exposure in the premier professional league in Qatar during four consecutive seasons (2013–2014 through 2016–2017). Data were collected according to standardized tools under the ASPREV program (Aspetar injury and illness prevention). Acute injuries (sudden-onset (traumatic) were analyzed while gradual onset injuries (overuse) were excluded. Over the 4 seasons, 1184 injuries (587 from contact with another player and 597 without player contact) were recorded during matches and training and were thereafter classified according to the following lunar cycle characteristics on the date of injury: (i) moon illumination, (ii) lunar distance from earth and (iii) tidal coefficient, acquired from the lunar calendar and tide tables from Qatar.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Narimen Yousfi explained that to maximize the potential effects of moon illumination, we analysed data from Qatar, characterized by less than 2 weeks of overcast skies per year and where football players typically train and play matches after dark to avoid sun radiation during hot periods of the year. In this context, and on a funny note, data from the Premier League in England would have been of limited value; indeed, British football fans are haunted not only by limited success in recent World Cups, but frequently also by fog, clouds and rain. Geography and weather conditions therefore also be borne in mind when interpreting results from previous studies investigating the effects of moon on humans and/or animals.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Daily injury count was modelled using Poisson regression to reveal no relation between injury-rates and: moonlight (i.e. % of moon illumination), the gravitational pull of both moon and earth (i.e. tidal coefficient) and both apogee and perigee (i.e. moon earth distance). So, as far as these results are considered, any link between a football player injury and the moon cycle remain spurious.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> While the results of this study are conclusive in male football players, it should be noted that these results cannot necessarily be applied to women and further research are needed to reveal the mysteries of the influence of moon on human behaviour and physiology.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Yousfi N, Rekik RN, Eirale C, Whiteley R, Farooq A, Tabben M, Gillogly S, Bahr R, Chamari K. Lunacy revisited - the myth of the full moon: are football injuries related to the lunar cycle? Chronobiol Int. 2018 Jun 6:1-6. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1483943.</div> </div> </div>

Intensive Training

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Intensive Training<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Hm27QvYVgSwyXM-AXS_dyr74C2-JGqChEuozV7FzXi5Utx7NNiK39p4uLENlyPofBfe2Fjr6ecl9LHjl5N3Ywp3kIQUK1z8EVPwCN3B2D2Vv596HD-_gaKCPGzVyRIwozJxFuN6k2O-L/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.31.46.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="164" data-original-width="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Hm27QvYVgSwyXM-AXS_dyr74C2-JGqChEuozV7FzXi5Utx7NNiK39p4uLENlyPofBfe2Fjr6ecl9LHjl5N3Ywp3kIQUK1z8EVPwCN3B2D2Vv596HD-_gaKCPGzVyRIwozJxFuN6k2O-L/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.31.46.png" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLqllksj2dLh_EZsS_-QMfdYkNcaqH8YWdjGMHQdSD3T20SdxoBrmlsmazXIcrlfWf8fuYQzifqjK4NP759lXu3Pear29-zyPDVj_WbytVfd0B8XFHekvFDcTy2IFnrGNcy3yMQn2lJLfy/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.29.38.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="632" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLqllksj2dLh_EZsS_-QMfdYkNcaqH8YWdjGMHQdSD3T20SdxoBrmlsmazXIcrlfWf8fuYQzifqjK4NP759lXu3Pear29-zyPDVj_WbytVfd0B8XFHekvFDcTy2IFnrGNcy3yMQn2lJLfy/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.29.38.png" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0f_-Cdukx71ngjSG9ZUsSJA2qRLpd74JyPUf5M14y9uC17QE10hJZ5XcqCkk5j4DcnrxL59hTIHdX-awztbYQCbygAbpuO7hVjYWR66wCCQeVFrjWjWhnH5sOP0CtNhFTjHE8jEYBxx5c/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.29.51.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="620" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0f_-Cdukx71ngjSG9ZUsSJA2qRLpd74JyPUf5M14y9uC17QE10hJZ5XcqCkk5j4DcnrxL59hTIHdX-awztbYQCbygAbpuO7hVjYWR66wCCQeVFrjWjWhnH5sOP0CtNhFTjHE8jEYBxx5c/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.29.51.png" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-V5BpqzmfKHX2Xq0Gc16_2wXwCyHwLxu-IDG9sWBNH8C93D0c6GbnXRqZEO3nEIG4P9NScUm2JHHBFHgTHJSoNus3SWlQSiRm4SzzMsl-dYfQm8ZybxbMZknBLHxMIVzstuim1930_qBM/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.08.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="631" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-V5BpqzmfKHX2Xq0Gc16_2wXwCyHwLxu-IDG9sWBNH8C93D0c6GbnXRqZEO3nEIG4P9NScUm2JHHBFHgTHJSoNus3SWlQSiRm4SzzMsl-dYfQm8ZybxbMZknBLHxMIVzstuim1930_qBM/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.08.png" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwb0ZqKDiufdUOOy5745c96EQh0xQj6pFc8E1BMRz0KTCCzJdD06Eph5VSxk6V1TJevluAeeg5slddHUfgtrCMTNYx0srWoAlFggVopf3w4JIM4rC4jW1sqPQtrBDTfx974ZcVs5-sw7f/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.20.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="634" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwb0ZqKDiufdUOOy5745c96EQh0xQj6pFc8E1BMRz0KTCCzJdD06Eph5VSxk6V1TJevluAeeg5slddHUfgtrCMTNYx0srWoAlFggVopf3w4JIM4rC4jW1sqPQtrBDTfx974ZcVs5-sw7f/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.20.png" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj843ZIu2yDuLVm573IdGiV09uYJH0V6rG6K-SO8ovZrg_jHXU0llZOm3QowAtaPaHP09-H6beE5MFeqN0Vek3GANZxCb9T4cmNsa43LpIoCYLzXyFwOP7CJrrtpeVL5s7a7q72-ZNb8_w8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.31.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="642" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj843ZIu2yDuLVm573IdGiV09uYJH0V6rG6K-SO8ovZrg_jHXU0llZOm3QowAtaPaHP09-H6beE5MFeqN0Vek3GANZxCb9T4cmNsa43LpIoCYLzXyFwOP7CJrrtpeVL5s7a7q72-ZNb8_w8/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.30.31.png" width="640" /></a></div> <br /></div> </div>

Cortisol and sports activity

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Cortisol and sports activity<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoTwh8Bja3GwXxBlaFe9uBYVJPAAmNVOmxf2HJ9phvNrPgNVAGdzq1ySv8wuyLyG_86Kf4v5BxKYQyg5Q1VJznon9UncLWqB8VggCGG8dLPzCU0jqRwoir4KsqY9ndQ4tWwrGzGRhy4kGU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.34.04.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoTwh8Bja3GwXxBlaFe9uBYVJPAAmNVOmxf2HJ9phvNrPgNVAGdzq1ySv8wuyLyG_86Kf4v5BxKYQyg5Q1VJznon9UncLWqB8VggCGG8dLPzCU0jqRwoir4KsqY9ndQ4tWwrGzGRhy4kGU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.34.04.png" /></a></div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Cortisol is Corticoid Glucocorticoids hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, usually referred to as the hormone of the hormone (tension), because it is linked to the process of addressing stress and anxiety. The lead cortisol hormone to increase blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune response operations, subject cortisol levels in the blood to the day and night variations, Faisal cortisol to its highest level in the blood early in the morning, and to its lowest level at around midnight, or after three to five hours</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> of sleep onset. And a rate of secretion in the body the morning of 5-25 micrograms / 100 ml of blood, and decreases in the evening to up to 2.12 micrograms / 100 ml of blood, the hormone cortisol and is president of the human and the human glands secrete about 10-30 mg during the day. When building it releases cortisol into the blood and travels to the tissues accompanied Clopeulen protein that is made in the liver. Under the performance of physical effort helps cortisol on the speed of the metabolic processes effect, especially with regard to carbohydrates as the hormone works to accelerate the transfer of liver Glycogen  to glucose operations and so the blood glucose Hypertension in the Blood , also cortisol effects help to the process of converting Secretary acids to glucose in liver, and the effects of cortisol contributes in helping to increase the sugar glucose, which leads to ensure the supply of the brain and nerve tissue glucose when performing physical efforts that last a long time, which reduces the effect of physical effort on the central fatigue of the nervous system, and the state of tension and emotion and fatigue suffered by the players when performing efforts strenuous physical.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> As the cortisol hormone is one of the main hormones that affect glucose is involved in the metabolic processes of glucose and carbohydrates and protein deficiency leads to impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, which illustrates the importance of the hormone during sports activity as glucagon hormone and other hormones supports the re-glucose formation process and oxidized. Reflected the greatness of God in the world of endocrine (hormones), The Gland of  pancreas secrete order of the brain material and spin makes the food alkaline, turning sugar stored in the liver and muscles to combustible sugar and produces insulin to be sugar and burn consumption, the adrenal gland, they secrete cortisol, which urges heart to double strikes and lungs to increase its work and urges the liver to excrete sugar and blood vessels on the restrictions for the delivery of blood to the muscles, and in the sports activity secretions of the hormone cortisol on the dramatic intensity and duration of permanence and maximum oxygen consumption and the need for the body to him and the type of food depends, The Responses  rapid be more sensitive to the intensity exercise, while the latter responses depends on the time period of exercise as well as the cortisol response to physical exertion, which is equivalent to 50 to 70% of maximum oxygen consumption Vo2 max. And that the cortisol level in the blood varies from time to time as a result of its response to the process of the Metabolism  perform exercises endurance, while the voltage maximum or near  the maximum and oxygen deficit (lactic) and to increase the maximum oxygen consumption, resulting in a stimulating hormone cortisol and these responses take place during the first few minutes of the beginning of the Physical  effort increases the concentration of the hormone ratio to increase the speed of metabolism, particularly with regard to carbohydrates as work on accelerating the transformation of the liver Glycogen  operations and so the blood glucose for energy. It studies confirm the high cortisol concentration with vigorous physical exertion and that this increase is directly proportional to the maximum consumption of oxygen and the amount of (73%)+ .</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Any sense that all energy hormones (Katicolamin, and glucagon, and cortisol and others) responds after high physical effort (can motivate sexy result) therefore called on those hormones pressure (opposing), depending on the functional state of health of the athlete, and thus can coach evaluate the effectiveness of training curriculum by measuring the ratio of the concentration of the hormone at rest as increased cortisol concentrations at rest a sign of overtraining signs.</div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

Some Suggestions for Improving The System of Goals Calculation in Football

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Some Suggestions for Improving The System of Goals Calculation in Football<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWSDN6Y98WickwfU-KEQpG-JUgRcgwILnxbbIZ1z9-321eGX6OiaKFuCBao2Vl4amqIc1i5XDW3g8DaidDEdXmz2q7G4LWP7CbWzx1ZsqEBwiNaYEQuYV2YerrQ_P15U8gLpqli0Cg4Yr/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.35.46.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWSDN6Y98WickwfU-KEQpG-JUgRcgwILnxbbIZ1z9-321eGX6OiaKFuCBao2Vl4amqIc1i5XDW3g8DaidDEdXmz2q7G4LWP7CbWzx1ZsqEBwiNaYEQuYV2YerrQ_P15U8gLpqli0Cg4Yr/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.35.46.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Some Suggestions for Improving The System Of Goals Calculation in Football</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Introduction and Problem</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> If we want to change and influence the human behavior it can come through the influence on their value  construction system..  Also, if we want to change and improve in the game of football, such change and improvement must be a fundamental change in the method of calculating the goals in the game because it is the essence of the game. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> We all know that  football is goals, and goals in accordance with Article 10 of the International Law of the Football, determine the winning team, The main objective of the current change is to increase the effectiveness of the game in its different aspects, uptake encouragement and excitement to the spectators, improve  the game marketing, and fair play, as evidenced by the changes that have occurred in basketball and volleyball, whereby when there was a change in the three-point shot calculation that made a raise of the last seconds of the match  in case the points are close to each other. Another example of change is what happened in the method of calculating the points in volleyball which decreased the time of the match  , improved the television broadcasting and marketing  of the game and increased the excitement in the game.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Accordingly, and due to my academic experience the problem lies in the following:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Is there a need to change the method of calculating goals in football?</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> What are the suggestions to improve the calculation of goals in football? And what are the implementation priorities? What is the impact of each suggestion in the development of the game?</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> What are the goals  expected to be achieved in case of the adoption of any suggestions in the system of calculating the goals in football?</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> What are the cases of excitement and interest resulting from the present suggestions?</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In light of the above, the process of calculating goals must be developed, and therefore, I recommend taking the suggestions after careful study and discussion and  trying them  according to the following:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Suggestions</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Calculating any goal scored by foot into the (18) yards, or penalty, remains  as it is –goal-.As for the suggestions, they are as follows:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> First suggestion:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Any goal which is scored from outside the 18 –yards in the right way is scored with two goals.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In case of implementing this suggestion the improvement will be in:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Coaches’ will pay attention to develop the players’legs muscular power , and thus there will be development in improving  of the training programs related to this, in addition to good implementation of  physiological scientific research in the area, and an increase is expected  in training on scoring from outside the area of ​​the (18) yards and from different points.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Coaches’ modifications in the defensive and offensive plans will therefore improve the tactical area and methods of tactical thinking for both the coaches and players either individually or collectively.</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <>3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOOmIFsMWc8</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/embed/sfTv2uGcPRI</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/embed/MZNbKuTEElY</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/embed/fiYt3iNWau0</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/embed/Kcr2s7H6qg0</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Second suggestion:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">  Calculating any goal in the head in the right way, regardless of its place with two goals.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Because football performance has been associated historically with feet and depends on them greatly, and the difficulty associated with the performance of the upper part of the body and in particular head scoring due to anthropometric, anatomical, and biomechanical reasons among players, and the difficulty of controlling  the use of head compared with legs I recommend to implement the suggestion . In case the suggestion is implemented, improvement is done in what follows:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving scoring in the head of the majority of the teams, and thus increasing  the effectiveness of the employment of the upper limb of the body and not limiting  focusing  in training programs on the lower ends , thereby taking into account the balance , maintaining  the healthy side of the players, and  reducing skeleton distortions of the  players.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving the ability of players’ vertical jump.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving the skills that require cutting and aviation among goalkeepers, and increasing  concern for  the measurements that are  taken into consideration when selecting goalkeepers.</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Increasing excitement, attention and enthusiasm among the spectators to the last minute of the game because any moment could alter the result of the match;  for example, a  team advances another team by one   goal from inside the line ( 18) yards by foot, and at the last minute the other team has registered a goal through head  and calculated two goals see:</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1eqDcX9odQ</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI1W-zPagkg</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Third suggestion:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Calculating the  penalty with two goals in exceptional cases.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In the case of committing any of the adopted violations and which needs a penalty, and when implemented it should be calculated with two goals in the following two cases:</div> <ul class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> In the case of increasing violations of the team in the game (5) and more violations.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> If the offending player gets a previous warning  (yellow card) and commits  another violation that leads to his expulsion, and be the cause for the obtaining the  opposing team the penalty.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> I recommend the suggestion, and in case the suggestion is implemented, improvement is done in what follows:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Fair play and few mistakes inside the 18 –yards area.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Lack of occurrence of sports injuries caused by foul play.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving defensive skills for defenders and reducing the proportion of errors</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Reducing  the anxiety of  sports injuries among the attackers and thus increasing  the effectiveness of scoring from inside the area (18) yards.</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Expected Objectives In Case  in Case of Implementing  The  Suggestions:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving the physical, technical, tactical, and psychological levels of the performance  of the players and maintaining a good level of performance throughout the game.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improvement  and development in the training level of the coaches and attention to the preparation of training programs for the development of various aspects of the players.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving the promotion of scientific research in the football in developing  the aspects related to modification  and the subsequent preparation of scientific research re the development of related scientific research in the field.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Improving the performance , physical fitness and movements of referees.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Iincreasing the efficiency, excitement and demand to attend and watch the games by the spectators and TV viewers, thus improving sports marketing in football.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> The majority of the games will end on time (90 minutes), and reducing  the resort to extend time. Also, increasing the effectiveness of television broadcasting, and the popularity of attending and watching the games, thereby increasing the effectiveness of sports marketing.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Reducing  the defensive play and the accumulation of players in the area (18) yards, and improving the defensive skills for defenders, and offensive skills of the attackers.</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Minimizing  sports injuries, and the anxiety of the players and maintaining the safety of the players (fair play).</div> </li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <>9-<!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%20value%3D%22NaN%22%2D%2D%3E-->Minimizing the negative play of the two teams as much as possible in the last minute of the game, because any moment could alter the result of the match.</div> <ul class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> Teams are keen   to minimize the corner kicks as much as .</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> There remains hope for a draw or win in the case one of the two teams advances by a  big difference, for example in the case of the advance  by one team  with the team's score (4 - zero), in the  first -half, according to what is  currently employed in the system of calculating  the goals , other team concedes defeat, and his morale is extinguished has morale, while in the case of taking any of the proposals the performance will continue to the end of the match in a good way.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Models for some of the cases of excitement and interest resulting from the application of the suggestions or any of them:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The following are some examples and cases  which can  improve all aspects of the game. Those  concerned including  players, coaches, administrators, the spectators, and the media people  remain  in  excitement , anxiety , tension and concern from  the beginning of the match until its end. These  increase the suspense and the effectiveness of the game. Among these examples and cases:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> * Team (A)advances on team by (one goal), team   (A)stays  with its players , coaches , administrators and the spectators till  the last minute of the game in a state of anxiety and fear of:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> *Achieving a  goal from the penalty spot by foot from inside the 18 -yard and achieving  the goal of parity as usual, and the extension of the game.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> * Team (B) achieves a goal which   is calculated from two goals either free- kick straight out of the (18) yards, or targeting  during play or from a corner, or scoring the head, regardless of the place, or a penalty calculated by two goals.</div> <ul class="font_8"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> In case of a draw between the two teams in the final moments of the game.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"> * In the case a team advances two goals in the final moments of the game and gets a tie  in goals.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> -In case a team achieves  the goal it is counted two goals from the beginning of the game.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> - In case a team advances in two goals it is counted four goals in the first half of the match.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> These are examples of cases and every case has its requirements and the players should  be prepared in the light of each  case,  and change  should be made in the  tactic related to  the game.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> CONCLUSION:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Change in the system of  calculating the goals in football is essential and basic for its development. It is necessary to benefit from the results of the changes which have occurred in basketball and volleyball. Modification  should be done according to the scientific research methodology. Accordingly, I recommend the discussion of the suggestions, and adding any modifications  to improve them and to try them in order to attain the best suggestions. For example, and not exclusively, as for the First Suggestion, , instead of  the (18 yards, there could be agreement on specifying the  targeting area  by two goals as what happened in the basketball in specifying the three points. The  required diameter should be specified in a way which suits the majority of the measurements of the width of the playgrounds as in Figure number (1) (25) yards for example.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <br data-cke-eol="1" /></div> </div>

The Scientific Origins of the Circadian Rhythm Theory and Jet lag Phenomenon in the Holy Quran, and Their Relationship with Sports Performance

<div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> The Scientific Origins of the Circadian Rhythm Theory and Jet lag Phenomenon in the Holy Quran, and Their Relationship with Sports  Performance<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BkYHQz05Q6w32hZqY1y6u_9ablezDAwkDnDEZZxc986SrJ3_oXCOYuA4NvJhgC-uQ7K5yHtPafEMhd2dDmfEG0zddFp_TgERtEBPS0fq_DkXbfJBYzAlRyFcj_YhzW2bGQTEMK-ExVKL/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.39.00.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BkYHQz05Q6w32hZqY1y6u_9ablezDAwkDnDEZZxc986SrJ3_oXCOYuA4NvJhgC-uQ7K5yHtPafEMhd2dDmfEG0zddFp_TgERtEBPS0fq_DkXbfJBYzAlRyFcj_YhzW2bGQTEMK-ExVKL/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.39.00.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify;"> Establishing the  origin of sciences  and deriving them from the Holy Quran and noble  prophetic tradition is one of the vital topics in the different sciences whether  they are natural sciences or human ones. The majority of the theories which  were reached have their origins in the  Holy Quran and noble prophetic traditions. As an example and not exclusively the theory of procedural conditioning and reinforcement  in its two kinds: the material and the moral which Skinner arrived at , many verses in the Holy Quran  emphasized  material and moral reinforcement. As an example of material reinforcement, there is Almighty God’s saying :” The example of those who spend their money for God’s sake is like an ear of wheat which produced seven ears of wheat in every ear of wheat there are one hundred grains. God doubles for whomever He wants, and God  gas broad knowledge.” (Surat Al-Baqarah, verse: 261) . Concerning moral  reinforcement, this appears in Almighty God’s saying:” They and their spouses are under the shades  and they recline on couches.” (Surat Yas, verse: 56).</div> <div style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Circadian Rhythm is considered one of the topics which have preoccupied man since ancient times. For whether there is life—whether this is man or animal or plant---the importance of Circadian Rhythm appears. If we look at sun flower—for example—in the early morning, we find that its flowers open, and it is in the direction of the east. In the evening it closes its flowers and it is in the direction of the west. Also winter hibernation and the change of skin  of some animals are considered an indicator of Circadian Rhythm . Concerning man, Circadian Rhythm is considered  one of the most important topics for those who work  according to the night shifts system whether they are physicians, or military  persons, or guards or aviators…. And other similar professions, in addition to athletes and their travel ( Qadumi, 2017). The Melatonin Hormone  which is secreted by the pineal gland  in the brain  is considered as the basis for this. This hormone is called “ the hormone of happiness”  due to the feeling of relaxation and rest in sleeping by the individual. The highest concentration of this hormone is in darkness between  the hours 2-4. Thus one of its names is “ the Hormone of Darkness) ( Pandi-Perumal et al., 2006). The biggest enemy of this hormone  is  lighting  (the light). Thus the one who is at a night shift should have a dark  environment at day time  in order to activate  the secretion of the Melatonin Hormone and to sleep  in the day time.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Circadian Rhythm is defined  as being :”the continuous physiological  and bodily  changes which develops and is repeated in a series of cycles which does not end until death, and it can be measured through our  bodies.  Thorough knowledge of these rhythms and being aware of them are extremely important matters so that the individual can plan his life in a more positive way ( west, 1999).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The  Circadian Rhythm theory of living organisms appears clearly in the holy Quran in Almighty God’s saying: “ He said  who is your Lord O Moses* He said it is our Lord who gave everything which he created and then He gave right guidance* He said what about the early centuries* He said my Lord is knowledgeable of them in a book .My Lord does not lead astray and He does not forget.” (Taha: 49-52). Circadian Rhythm is considered important for athletes and for those who have disturbances in travel according to the lines of length and what is  known as the Jet Lag phenomenon (Armstrong, 2006). It is connected with the lines of length. It occurs to athletes who travel to play from one  country to another. It is accompanied by several disturbances the most important of which is: sleeping disturbance. Thus  the Melatonin Hormone is injected or this hormone is taken in the form of tablets in order to help the athletes  to sleep ( Reilly ,et al., 2007). In order that the body adjusts the biological clock and returns the daily  circadian rhythm to the natural situation and which suits the new country, it often needs one day for every (15) line of length which it passes through (that is for every time zone). Accordingly, this should be taken into consideration when specifying the date of travel and arrival for the  players. Also it is preferable that  the athlete avoids sleeping in day time specially at times in which he sleeps  in his native country (at night). This is so in order to accelerate the acclimatization of the biological clock for the</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> New country. Tea and coffee which contain caffeine can be drunk in order to increase the alertness of the nervous system and to control the time of sleeping (Reilly, et al., 2005).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Concerning the effect of the timing of travelling on the Circadian Rhythm , Waterhouse and others (Waterhouse,et al.,2002) studied a sample consisting of 85 persons who travelled from Britain  eastwards  to Australia ( 10 time zones). A group travelled in the evening and another group in the morning. The results revealed that the group which travelled in the morning  got rid of the Jet Lag phenomenon in a faster way than the group which travelled in the evening, although the group which travelled in the evening enjoyed a longer period of sleep during the journey. Concerning the effect of the Jet Lag phenomenon on the athletes, there is a consensus  among the studies of each of: (Peter, et al., 2017), (Maria, et al.,2016), (Sarah, et al., 2015) and (Fowler, 2015) on the existence of an effect in  the receding of the bodily performance, sleeping disturbances, negative mood, and feeling of tiredness.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Also the importance of the Circadian Rhythm appears in specifying the timing of training and athletic competitions, whereby there is a peak for bodily and physiological traits which should be taken into consideration. This was emphasized by the studies of each of  (Qadumi, 2017), (Davenne, 1998), (Reilly et al., 1997) and (Drust et al., 2005) when they pointed out that training and athletic performance in the hours of the evening are better than  those in the morning.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Interest among researchers in the athletic domain appeared  through studying the effect of the daily Circadian Rhythm on some bodily and physiological measurements. Deprivation from sleeping is considered one of the most influential factors on the Circadian Rhythm , and  subsequently there should be  a balance between sleeping and the effort in order to attain the  best Circadian Rhythm. For this reason  (Damien, 2009) presented a model to indicate the relationship between  sleeping and training as in Figure number (1) whereby   the model consists of two main parts  which are: the first part on the left side and it indicates the brain and controlling the rhythm of sleeping and rising from sleep, and the second part  on the right side of the Figure and it indicates the body of the athlete and the exercise. The relationship between the two parts appears through four arrows as in the Figure, and they are interpreted as follows: the firs arrow indicates the variance in the athletic Circadian Rhythm according to the biological clock , and it is connected to a large degree with how the athlete is  accustomed to getting up from sleeping. The second  arrow indicates how  exercise affects the Circadian Rhythm through modifying the biological clock of the person. The third arrow indicates the direct influence of sleeping on the athlete whether this influence is positive or negative on the performance. The fourth arrow indicates the direct influence of exercise on sleeping.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIO6EyyeLXd2cErMdUYg6be6huVvoAhFvtGzPJr4kAseUUab1t9B39LI4HZ9sO4ltqWupD3MlcJzyadcAlKtK4kNan4-R-cQidjOCz_V8kLwbx4E5NEOj4tx5ZHMYt5cbAqNBtz5KgXPqn/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.37.52.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="374" data-original-width="591" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIO6EyyeLXd2cErMdUYg6be6huVvoAhFvtGzPJr4kAseUUab1t9B39LI4HZ9sO4ltqWupD3MlcJzyadcAlKtK4kNan4-R-cQidjOCz_V8kLwbx4E5NEOj4tx5ZHMYt5cbAqNBtz5KgXPqn/s640/Screen+Shot+2020-08-12+at+23.37.52.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div> Figure number (1) The relationship between sleeping, exercise and the Circadian Rhythm of the person  (from : Damien, 2009).</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> The Symptoms of the Jet  Lag Phenomenon Among Athletes:</div> <div> Following is a presentation of the most important symptoms of the Jet Lag (Jim, et al., 2007, p.1118)</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> ___Weakness of sleep during the new night in the country travelled to, including the late beginning of sleeping (after travelling from the east) and the early awakening (after travelling to the west ) and the divided sleeping (after travelling in any of the two directions).</div> <div> ___Weakness of performance during the new day time in the bodily and mental tasks.</div> <div> ___Negative subjective changes, and these include increase in tiredness, mode of headache and excitement, and decrease in the ability to concentrate.</div> <div> ___Disturbances in the digestive system ( indigestion, urination, and defecation) and decrease in the interest in meals and enjoying them.</div> <div> ___Slow modification of the biological clock of the body with new time zone, because the Circadian Rhythm and the internal motor of sleeping and  wakefulness are outside the synchronization with the new environment.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Strategies for Treating the Jet  Lag phenomenon  and the Circadian Rhythm Among Athletes:</div> <div> Till now there are only two strategies. The first strategy depends on injection or taking tablets which help to relax and to sleep. The other strategy depends on behavior modification  and the program prepared by the trainers for the players. The topic  still needs more effective strategies. Following is an indication for this:</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li>The First Strategy: Injection or Taking the Melatonin of the Caffeine  Tablets:</li> </ol> <div> The first use of this strategy was in the military domain  by using short-acting hypnotics whereby some studies (Daurat et al.,2000) proved their effect on improving sleeping, bodily performance, and the contribution in lessening the Jet Lag among soldiers through influencing the biological clock of the soldiers.</div> <div> There are some studies which indicated  the positive effect of the Melatonin  in treating the Jet Lag phenomenon, and this is through  injecting 3-5 milligrams 2-3 hours before sleeping (Cajochen, et al., 2003).</div> <ol class="font_8"> <li><div> The Second Strategy: Behavior modification in terms of organizing sleeping, taking meals, organizing defecation, and a daily program for these aspects among the players.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> 1-among the players.</div> </li> </ol> <div>     Personal Opinion:</div> <div> Through my knowledge of previous studies in the topic, I do not support such strategies. The  ideal strategy  depends on that each 15 lines of length is equivalent (a time zone) and each time zone is the equivalent of one day  for  the sake of adaptation among the athletes. Subsequently, it is the responsibility of the trainers to calculate the number of the days for staying in the country in which the championship is to be held before the championship in the light of calculating the time zones and travelling before the championship, in addition to behavior modification and avoiding injections or taking any tablets which help in relaxation and sleeping because their effect  on the performance cannot be controlled.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> The Circadian Rhythm, Physical Fitness, Timing of Championships and Registering Record Numbers:</div> <div> Qadumi  (2017) conducted a study which aimed to specify the effect of the Circadian Rhythm on the timing of the physical fitness training among the Bachelor degree students at Al-Istiqlal University in Jericho, Palestine (as a military-security-police university). This was at different times which are: 6:00 in the morning, 2:00 in the afternoon, 6:00 in the evening and 8:00 in the evening. In order to achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample consisting of (23) students who represent the athletic varsities in the University. The sample underwent  tests of hand grip strength, long jump, push-ups for one minute , sit-ups for one minute, and a test of 40 meters sprint. The general average of the performance of the individuals of the sample in these tests was as follows: (57.23 kg,2.32 meter, 45.73 times, 44.09 times, and 5.89 seconds). In addition, to the existence of statistically significant differences in all the measurements according to the timing of the measurement. The majority of the differences were in favor  of the 6: 00 hour  in the evening  as compared with the morning period. Perhaps the reason for the differences and for the benefit of the evening period is due to several factors the most important of which are: the rise in Body Core Temperature which is in the evening, and specifically  at 6:00 o’clock in the evening, and Motor Control is better in the evening as compared with the morning, little concentration of the Melatonin Hormone (Hormone of  Happiness) or (Hormone of Darkness ) in the evening  as compared with  6:00 o’clock in the morning and which reaches  the highest concentration at (2-4 o’clock) at night and its concentration continues in the morning hours and the individual feels  relaxed and restful. Its enemy is lighting. Thus sleeping is used  in cases of travelling for long distances  and for treating the disturbances of travel, the Jet Lag.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the necessity of taking into consideration  that the morning training for the physical fitness with the aim of development is considered unsuitable  and it is one of the wrong beliefs.  It should be as quiet exercises which aim to move from the stage of lethargy to the stage of activity in the daily life. As for the main training which aims  at developing the physical fitness for the students of the  military and polices colleges and for the athletes, it should be in the period between  2:00 o’clock in the afternoon and 8:00  o’clock in the evening. The best timing for the training of physical fitness is at 6:00 o’clock and it continues until 8:00 o’clock  in the evening, and then the level begins to recede . Conducting athletic competitions in the  morning period should be avoided, and so is the case with delaying in the evening period. This requires  that the local, Arab and international athletic union to take into consideration the timing of the games in the athletic championships, and reconsidering the timing of training  in order to attain the best possible achievement and adopting the international Olympic records  according to the Circadian Rhythm in the evening period.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> CONCLUSION</div> <div> In the light of what was previously mentioned and due to the importance of knowing the Circadian Rhythm and the Jet Lag phenomenon  among the athletes, I recommend the following:</div> <div> 1.Rooting the  athletic sciences by going back in the scientific researches on the  part of the fellow researchers to the Holy Quran and the noble prophetic tradition as far as possible.</div> <div> 2. Studying in depth the effect of the Circadian Rhythm  on the athletic performance and registering record numbers, specifying the date of athletic championships and the necessity of reviewing all the record numbers according to the timing of registering them in the morning or in the evening.</div> <div> 3. Avoiding  physical fitness training with the aim of development in the morning for the players of the higher levels, and  fitness  in the morning only in order to move from non-activity to activity and to practice the daily life.</div> <div> 4. Looking for better strategies in order to treat the Jet Lag phenomenon and avoiding injections or taking the Melatonin tablets  because their side effects on the performance are not known.</div> <div> 5. Benefiting from calculating the time zones in specifying the days on which the players should be in the country in which the championship  is held.</div> <div> 6. Studying the change in the concentration level of the enzymes and  hormones according to the Circadian Rhythm among the players.</div> <div> 7. The necessity of preparing  a daily program for the players according to the direction of the travelling (eastwards or westwards) in order to help the players to adapt early and to treat the Jet Lag phenomenon without using any helping materials such as the caffeine or the Melatonin.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Some Suggested References:</div> <div> _Qadumi, Abdul-Nasser Abdul-Rahim (2017): The effect of the daily Circadian Rhythm on the timing of  the physical fitness training  for the students of the police and military colleges ( a research accepted for publication), The Arab  Journal for Security Studies and Training, Nayif Arab University for Security Sciences , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.(in Arabic).</div> <div> -Armstrog.L.(2006). Nutritional strategies for football: Counteracting heat, cold, high altitude, and jet lag. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(7): 723 - 740.</div> <div> -Cajochen C, Krauchi K & Wirz-Justice A.(2003). Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Journal of Neuroendocrinol; 15: 432–37.</div> <div> -Damien D.(2009). Sleep of athletes - problems and possible solutions. Biological Rhythm Research, 40( 1) , 45-52.</div> <div> -Daurat A, Benoit O, Buguet A.(2000): Effects of zopiclone on the rest/activity rhythm after a westward flight across five time zones. Psychopharmacology ; 149: 241-45.</div> <div> -Fowler P, Duffield R, Vaile J.(2015): Effects of simulated domestic and international airtravel on sleep, performance, and recovery for team sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports; 25(3):441-451.</div> <div> -Gauthier, A., D. Davenne, A. Martin, & J. Van Hoecke.(2001). Time of day effects on isometric and isokinetic torque developed during elbow flexion in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 84:249 -252.</div> <div> -Jim Waterhouse, Thomas Reilly, Greg Atkinson & Ben Edwards. (2007). Jet lag: trends and coping strategies. Lancet ; 369: 1117-1129.</div> <div> -Maria-Raquel G. Silva, António Pascoal, Hugo-Henrique Silva & Teresa Paiva ,(2016) :Assessing sleep, travelling habits and jet lag in kite surfers according to competition level, Biological Rhythm Research, 47:5, 677-689.</div> <div> -Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Maestroni GJ, Cardinali DP, Poeggeler B & Hardeland R. (2006). Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? FEBS J 273, 2813-2838.</div> <div> -Peter M. Fowlera, Alan McCallb, Mark Jonesb &Rob Duffield.(2017): Effects of long-haul transmeridian travel on player preparedness: Case study of a national team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 , 322–327.</div> <div> -Reilly T, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Farrelly K, &Fairhurst E. (2007). Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiology International. 24:507-519.</div> <div>  -Reilly, T, Greg, A, Ben E, Jim, W, Torbjo R ,and etal.(2007). Coping with jet-lag: A Position Statement for the European College of Sport Science. European Journal of Sport Science, 7(1): 1-7.</div> <div> -Reilly, T., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., & Atkinson, G. (2005). Jet lag and air travel: Implications for performance. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 24, 367- 380.</div> <div> -Sarah Kölling, Gunnar Treff, Kay Winkert, Alexander Ferrauti, Tim Meyer,Mark Pfeiffer & Michael Kellmann, (2016): The effect of westward travel across five time zones on sleep and subjective jet-lag ratings in athletes before and during the 2015’s World Rowing Junior Championships, Journal of Sports Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1265141.</div> <div> -West, p. (1999). Biorhythms a step - by - step Guide . shuffles bury , Dorset , Boston , U.S,A.</div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> </div> </div>